Algorithm of Crane Selection for Heavy Lifts
注意：本论文已在Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,2011, Vol. 25, No.1 :57-65 发表
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Di Wu, M.ASCE1; Yuanshan Lin, M.ASCE2; Xin Wang, M.ASCE3; Xiukun Wang4;and Shunde Gao5
(
Dept. of Computer Science Dalian University of Technology Liaoning, Dalian,China, 116024)
Abstract :Lifting capacity charts are tabulated and provided to operators and practitioners by mobile crane manufacturers. These charts
are structured based on predetermined crane con?gurations, which consist of boom/jib length, lifting radius, main boom angle to ground,
and jib angle to ground or its offset to its main boom centerline. It is a tedious job that lifting planners select cranes for construction
projects based on a large number of lifting capacity charts. This paper presents a newly developed algorithm for selecting mobile cranes
on construction sites, which takes into account the lifting capacity, the geometrical characteristics of the crane, the dimensions of
equipments and riggings, and the ground bearing pressure. The algorithm is incorporated into a three-dimensional 3D computer-aided
system that integrates crane selection module, crane modeling module, 3D-simulation module, 3D computer-aided design modeling
module, rigging calculation module, and data management module. At last, a case is represented in order to demonstrate the use of the
developed algorithm and to illustrate its essential features.
Key words: Crane selection; Heavy lift; Ground bearing pressure; Mobile crane; CAD.
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作者点评： 2012年4月24日
论文面向大型起重机的千吨级吊装作业的实际工况，提炼科学问题，主要研究吊装方案设计核心任务的起重机选型。国内外已有的研究，与大吨位吊装实际工况差别较大，会引发严重的机毁人亡吊装事故。为此，本文提出考虑实际接地比压和复杂臂架工况下的干涉等因素的起重机选型算法，算法算法分为三步：
1）起重性能校核。结合实际工况要求先将数据库中起重性能数据根据起重量及作业半径构建排序树索引，并将明显不满足要求的排除形成初选集合，在此基础上对每条起重性能根据其臂架组合形式类型分别进行起重量、作业半径及起升高度进行校核，最后得到满足性能要求的起重机作业工况。
2）最小净距校核。结合实际工况过程和被吊设备描述信息，生成变幅平面内的吊装过程几何模型，按所校核工况的臂架组合类型调用主臂工况、固定副臂工况或塔式副臂工况下的最小净距计算算法。
3）接地比压校核。首先从重量、重心数据库中取出起重机各部件相对重心参数，结合当前的回转角度，臂架的仰角计算整车重心。然后根据整车重心的纵向偏心距大小选择不同计算过程进行计算，最后将结果与地面允许承受的地耐力进行比较。通过接地比压校核的起重机作业工况即为所求。
创新点是：1）按实际工况将接地比压作为选型算法考虑的因素之一，并运用履带-地面附着力理论进行计算；
2）提出了在复杂臂架组合工况下将空间问题转化为平面问题以实现被吊设备与臂架的最小净距算法，极大地降低计算复杂度；
3）可一次性选出较为准确的起重机作业工况。算法能有效地选择出合适的起重机，并成功地应用在中国核电集团、中石化的吊装项目，这充分验证了算法的正确性和可用性。
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